Amyloplast Definition and Function

An amyloplast is an organelle found in plant cells. Amyloplasts are plastids that produce and store starch within internal membrane compartments. They are commonly found in vegetative plant tissues, such as tubers (potatoes) and bulbs. Amyloplasts are also thought to be involved in gravity sensing (gravitropism) and helping plant roots grow in a downward direction. Key Takeaways: Amyloplast and Other Plastids Plastids are plant organelles that function in nutrient synthesis and storage. These double-membrane, cytoplasmic structures have their own DNA and replicate independently of the cell.Plastids develop from immature cells called proplastids that mature into chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and leucoplasts.Amyloplasts are leucoplasts that function mainly in starch storage. They are colorless and found in plant tissues that do not undergo photosynthesis (roots and seeds).Amyloplasts synthesize transitory starch which is stored temporarily in chloroplasts and used for energy. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis and energy production in plants.Amyloplasts also help to orient root growth downward toward the direction of gravity. Amyloplasts are derived from a group of plastids known as leucoplasts. Leucoplasts have no pigmentation and appear colorless. Several other types of plastids are found within plant cells including chloroplasts (sites of photosynthesis), chromoplasts (produce plant pigments), and gerontoplasts (degraded chloroplasts). Types of Plastids This image of vertical section of a leaf was taken with a scanning electron microscope. Chloroplasts (green plastids responsible for photosynthesis) and other organelles are seen inside the cells. Clouds Hill Imaging Ltd./Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plastids are organelles that function primarily in nutrient synthesis and storage of biological molecules. While there are different types of plastids specialized to fill specific roles, plastids share some common characteristics. They are located in the cell cytoplasm and are surrounded by a double lipid membrane. Plastids also have their own DNA and can replicate independently from the rest of the cell. Some plastids contain pigments and are colorful, while others lack pigments and are colorless. Plastids develop from immature, undifferentiated cells called proplastids. Proplastids mature into four types of specialized plastids: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and leucoplasts. Chloroplasts: These green plastids are responsible for photosynthesis and energy production through glucose synthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy. Chloroplasts are commonly found in specialized cells called guard cells located in plant leaves and stems. Guard cells open and close tiny pores called stomata to allow for gas exchange required for photosynthesis.Chromoplasts: These colorful plastids are responsible for cartenoid pigment production and storage. Carotenoids produce red, yellow, and orange pigments. Chromoplasts are primarily located in ripened fruit, flowers, roots, and leaves of angiosperms. They are responsible for tissue coloration in plants, which serves to attract pollinators. Some chloroplasts found in unripened fruit convert to chromoplasts as the fruit matures. This change of color from green to a carotenoid color indicates that the fruit is ripe. Leaf color change in fall is due to loss of the green pigment chlorophyll, whi ch reveals the underlying carotenoid coloration of the leaves. Amyloplasts can also be converted to chromoplasts by first transitioning to amylochromoplasts (plastids containing starch and carotenoids) and then to chromoplasts.Gerontoplasts: These plastids develop from the degradation of chloroplasts, which occurs when plant cells die. In the process, chlorophyll is broken down in chloroplasts leaving only cartotenoid pigments in the resulting gerontoplast cells.Leucoplasts: These plastids lack color and function to store nutrients. Leucoplast Plastids This false-color transmission electron micrograph shows an amyloplast (large central body), a starch- containing plastid, found in a cell from the root cap of an onion. Amyloplasts contain large quantities of starch (blue globules). Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Leucoplasts are typically found in tissues that dont undergo photosynthesis, such as roots and seeds. Types of leucoplasts include: Amyloplasts: These leucoplasts convert glucose to starch for storage. The starch is stored as granules in amyloplasts of tubers, seeds, stems, and fruit. The dense starch grains cause amyloplasts to sediment in plant tissue in response to gravity. This induces growth in a downward direction. Amyloplasts also synthesize transitory starch. This type of starch is stored temporarily in chloroplasts to be broken down and used for energy at night when photosynthesis does not occur. Transitory starch is found primarily in tissues where photosynthesis occurs, such as leaves.Elaioplasts: These leucoplasts synthesize fatty acids and store oils in lipid-filled microcompartments called plastoglobuli. They are important to the proper development of pollen grains.Etioplasts: These light-deprived chloroplasts do not contain chlorophyll but have the precursor pigment for chlorophyll production. Once exposed to light, chlorophyll production occurs and etioplasts are converted to chloroplasts.Proteino plasts: Also called aleuroplasts, these leucoplasts store protein and are often found in seeds. Amyloplast Development This image shows starch grains (green) in the parenchyma of a Clematis sp. plant. Starch is synthesized from the carbohydrate sucrose, a sugar produced by the plant during photosynthesis, and used as a source of energy. It is stored as grains in structures called amyloplasts (yellow). Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Amyloplasts are responsible for all starch synthesis in plants. They are found in plant parenchyma tissue which composes the outer and inner layers of stems and roots; the middle layer of leaves; and the soft tissue in fruits. Amyloplasts develop from proplastids and divide by the process of binary fission. Maturing amyloplasts develop internal membranes which create compartments for the storage of starch. Starch is a polymer of glucose that exists in two forms: amylopectin and amylose. Starch granules are composed of both amylopectin and amylose molecules arranged in a highly organized fashion. The size and number of starch grains contained within amyloplasts varies based on the plant species. Some contain a single spherical shaped grain, while others contain multiple small grains. The size of the amyloplast itself depends on the amount of starch being stored. Sources Horner, H. T., et al. Amyloplast to Chromoplast Conversion in Developing Ornamental Tobacco Floral Nectaries Provides Sugar for Nectar and Antioxidants for Protection. American Journal of Botany 94.1 (2007). 12–24.Weise, Sean E., et al. The Role of Transitory Starch in C3, CAM, and C4 Metabolism and Opportunities for Engineering Leaf Starch Accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany 62.9 (2011). 3109––3118., .

Analysis Of The Book Invisible Lakes - 1152 Words

If the depth of Jay Gatsby’s maniac love for Daisy was made known immediately, or the tension in Madame Bovary didn’t rise in such calculated fashion, or Moby Dick started with Captain Ahab’s fatal standoff with his white whale, some of literature’s most beloved works would lose a great amount of their clout. Organization is among the most potent tools in literature. Content always steals the spotlight but the manner in which ideas are conveyed holds equal weight. Invisible Cities avoids the traditional template of a logical or chronologically organized narrative. My essay Invisible Lakes is a vain attempt to mimic the novel’s eclectic organization. Italio Calvino utilizes a kaleidoscopic, narrow point of view to describe Venice in Invisible Cities, just as I do in my essay Invisible Lakes, both to achieve the goals of alluding to larger themes, developing more palpable scenes, and maintaining a phantasmagoric motif, each with varying results. Calvino aims to maintain a dream-like lens throughout Invisible Cities. â€Å"He was thinking of all these things when he desired a city. Isidora, therefore, is the city of his dreams: with one difference. The dreamed-of city contained him as a young man; he arrives at Isidora in his old age. In the square there is a wall where the old men sit and watch the young boy go by; he is seated in a row with them. Desires are already memories.† Page 8, Cities and Memories, 2 Some cities in the novel remain well rooted in the footing of realityShow MoreRelatedTraditional Data Processing Applications Are Inadequate3350 Words   |  14 Pagesinadequate. Challenges include analysis, capture, data curation, search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and information privacy. The term often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics or other certain advanced methods to extract value from data, and seldom to a particular size of data set. 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The most classically known origin story for the beasts comes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. In it’s first book, Jupiter goes to Earth to observe humans after hearing of their evil n ature. He reveals himself to the Arcadians who immediately start worshipping, all except their king, Lycaon. He does not believe the god’s immortality and seeks to put it to the test. Lycaon kills a messenger from another city and cooks himRead MoreCruise Market2415 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I am going to explain the development of the cruise market. I am going to look for sources on the internet and in travel and tourism books as well as using information given by John Marshall. 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Micro economics means the economics system which deals individual economics unit on the other hand macro economics means the economics unit which deals aggregate as a whole that is national income, general employment, and total out –put, general price level etc. These twoRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain (1884) Pharaoh, by BolesÅ‚aw Prus (1895) What Maisie Knew, by Henry James (1897)[23] 20th century[edit] The Confusions of Young Tà ¶rless, by Robert Musil (1906) Martin Eden, by Jack London (1909)[24] The Book of Khalid, by Ameen Rihani (1911)[25] Le Grand Meaulnes, by Alain-Fournier (1913) Sons and Lovers, by D. H. Lawrence (1913)[26] Of Human Bondage, by W. Somerset Maugham (1915) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce (1916)[27] Demian:Read More The Poetry of e.e. cummings Essay3340 Words   |  14 Pagesourselves. 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Resistance to Change in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart...

Achebes novel Things Fall Apart chronicles the life of an individual whose carefully constructed world crumbles as his culture is assimilated into a colonizing society. This character, Okonkwo, is prestigious within his community, and in most respects views himself and is viewed by his neighbors as an honorable man. Yet for all his seeming honor, Okonwko self-destructs when his world begins to change. Although the value system held by Okonkwos village may differ somewhat from that held by other cultures, his particular experience during colonization is universal. When Okonkwo defines himself as an honorable man and thinks back upon his life achievements that have made him so, he focuses most strongly upon his ferocity.†¦show more content†¦In Okonkwos village, demonstrating honor brings several privileges embodied in wives and titles (8). The prerequisite for marrying is wealth, as mentioned in Ekwefis thoughts on the night of her daughters abduction: She had married Anene because Okonkwo was too poor then to marry. Even though she longed for Okonkwo, Ekwefi had to wait until he had established himself financially to leave her first husband for him (109). Of course with enough wealth, a man can take on several wives, with the advantages of having several women to pleasure him, cook for him, and bear him sons, bringing him more esteem in the village. Okonkwo seems satisfied with the number of wives he has taken, yet throughout the novel yearns for more titles. These titles distinguish Okonkwo as a member of the nobility and ensure his participation in the political and spiritual life of the village. For example, he is sent to a neighboring village to retrieve the young man given as retribution for a crime and entrusted with that childs care (12). He also enjoys participating in counsels of the village men (26) and even plays the part of one of the egwugwu, a secretive role reserved for the nobility among the village men (89). He longs to initiate his sons into the ozo society, leaving a legacy of nobility in his name (183). And it is his inability to further his nobility through title acquisition that he laments during his banishment in his mothers village: His life hadShow MoreRelatedOkonkwo’s Resistance to Change in  Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1458 Words   |  6 Pages The character of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s  Things Fall Apart  was driven by fear, a fear of change and losing his self-worth. He needed the village of Umuofia, his home, to remain untouched by time and progress because its system and structure were the measures by which he assigned worth and meaning in his own life. Okonkwo required this external order because of his childhood and a strained relationship with his father, which was also the root of his fears and subsequent drive for success. WhenRead MorePost-Colonial View on Things Fall Apart Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesSociety in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958) The desire to conquer land that was previously unexplored has existed throughout history. This desire forced many indigenous societies, who were usually dominated technologically, to adapt to the teachings and overall system of the ‘superior’ conqueror nation with destruction as the only alternative. This causes a major impact on how a certain society functions, even after seeking independence from the foreigners. The rise and fall of indigenousRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThe Struggle Between Tradition and Change1056 Words   |  5 PagesENGL 2112 October 17, 2012 In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. 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For most of recorded history, events have been recorded and retold through the eyes of the victors. Only recently have people had the opportunity to view both sides of issues. The Western practiceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1772 Words   |  8 Pages Authenticity of African Literature Introduction The novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† focuses on the colonization history of Igbo, an ethnic group which was crashed by Christian culture. The main character of the novel, Okonkwo, embodied the sufferance of Igbo society as well as the decline of Igbo culture. The novel is written by Chinua Achebe who was born in Nigeria. 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Targeting Jews for Genocide Essay - 903 Words

Targeting Jews for Genocide When discussing The Holocaust, our minds tend to jump straight to the genocide of the Jewish populations of Europe. This is because of the approximate 11 million people killed during The Holocaust; roughly 6 million of them were Jews. Many people are now left to wonder why Hitler and the Nazi Party specifically targeted the Jews for genocide. The main reason was because the Nazi Party took the idea of nationalism to an extreme, new level. Hitler also thought the Jews were responsible for Germany losing World War 1. Hitler may have been influenced during his childhood on the ideas of anti-Semitism. According to A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust, the opposition and discrimination of Jews is known as†¦show more content†¦This gave him a reason to get rid of the Jews to bring his idea of a German only Germany to life. I think that this was simply disguised Hitler’s plan to gain support from the mass of the German population. It is also said that since Hitler grew up in Vienna, the capital of Austria, a place where anti-Semitism is nothing out of the sorts, and also a place where the mayor is known for his extreme nationalism, these ideas may have rubbed off on him (â€Å"Why did Hitler hate Jews?† 3) The approximate number of Jews killed in the Holocaust is over 5,860,000 (â€Å"36 Questions and Answers about the Holocaust†2). 3,000,000 of these Jews came from Poland and around 1,100,000 came from the Soviet Union. Over 90 percent of the Polish Jewish population was killed during the Holocaust (â€Å"36 Questions and Answers about the Holocaust† 5). A problem for the extinction of Jews was how to define what made someone a Jew. The Nuremburg Laws cleared up any confusion on who was and who wasn’t a Jew. On November 14, 1935, the term â€Å"Jewish† was defined by the Nazi’s as â€Å"Anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who belonged to the Jewish community on September 15, 1935, or joined thereafter; was married to a Jew or Jewess on September 15, 1935, or married one thereafter; was the offspring of a marriage or extramarital liaison with a Jew on or after September 15, 1935.† (â€Å"36Show MoreRelat edShould We Teach The Holocaust?1620 Words   |  7 PagesShould we teach the Holocaust in schools? The holocaust was a shockingly tragic event that lasted over a period of years and was basically the genocide of the Jews by the murderous Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler. It is a compulsory topic in history among schools in the UK. There are mixed opinions as to whether or not we should teach about it, the positive reasons towering over the negative views. One of the most important reasons is to discourage young children from discrimination. Although it isRead MoreMass Murder in Sudan852 Words   |  3 Pageswhat extent the mass murder in Sudan can be considered a genocide or a civil war. Resources will be referred to in order to support the argument and counter-argument. The situation in Dufar, Sudan will be expanded on, so that the reader is informed and educated as to weather the situation that is happening in Darfur is a genocide in contrast to a civil war. A Civil war is defined as a conflict between two parties within the same country. Genocide is defined as a deliberate and systematic killing ofRead MoreVictims of Persecution and Muder in the Holocaust854 Words   |  3 Pagessingle word of holocaust is mentioned, it reminds us of the horrible genocide that took place. Many people in our world today are aware that the Jewish race was a major target in the holocaust, but what about the others who played a role in persecution? Even though the Jewish population is known to be the main victims of persecution and gruesome murder under the Nazi regime, it is not much mentioned of the others who took part in genocide. According to the Holocaust Encyclopedia, during the era of theRead MoreNazi Book Burning Of 19331089 Words   |  5 PagesGermany when the Nazi’s began their genocide against the Jewish people when they killed around five to six million Jews for being Jews. As early as 1933 the German propaganda minister Joseph Goebb els says in his speech as the books were being roasted into ashes that,†The era of extreme Jewish intellectualism is now at an end...The future German man will not just be a man of books, but a man of character.† This clearly indicates that the book burning were targeting the Jewish thinking and that the governmentRead MoreThe Victimization of The Jewish Culture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, hate crime has been evident through past, significant events. Events such as the genocide in Rwanda, ethnic conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the targeting of Native Americans in early colonial periods, and the lynchings of African Americans are mass-based hate crimes. Today, hate crime has become more prevalent with approximately 1,002 documented hate groups in the United States (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011). More cases involving the violence of intolerance and bigotryRead MoreThe Holocaust : A More Perfect Union1060 Words   |  5 PagesWe the peopl e, in order to form a more perfect union Devan Shanker Mr. Perry Modern European History per 3 Although many recognize the Holocaust as one of the most catastrophic genocides in history, few acknowledge its underlying causes. Historians often attribute the combination of German aggression and foreign appeasement with the Nazi rise to power and success in completing the Final Solution. However, the power of the totalitarian regime originated from its domestic policy, allowing one manRead MoreWitch Hunts : The Salem Witch Trials Of 1692938 Words   |  4 Pageswrong about targeting innocent people for no reason or evidence. The Salem Witch Trials had left a long lasting effect on the world that still exists today. will it end? (states.google.com) The Jewish people have been one of the most persecuted groups in history since the days of Jesus, since the years of the Holocaust and still to this day (prezi.com). When the Nazis persecuted the Jews, one of the reasons given was the defeat of Germany in the First World War. The persecution of Jews reached itsRead MoreThe Events That Occur Within Genocide966 Words   |  4 Pages One very profound characteristic of the events that occur within genocide is how one group becomes the dominating leader over the group whom they are targeting. Most of the time, the group that is targeted is the group that inhabits the lowest people within that countries’ society. This explicit event occurs in both with the Aborigines in Australia and the Herero/Nama in South-West Africa. Both places endured a genocide that targeted the group of people within each society that the world believedRead MoreThe Most Deadly Example Of Genocide Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe most deadly example of genocide, a type of ethnic conflict, in human history was the Holocaust, which took place in Nazi Germany and surrounding nations from 1941 to 1945 (O’Shaughnessy 2009) . The Holocaust was ordered by Hitler to exterminate the Jewish people living in and around Germany, leading to the death of at least 6 million Jews as well as many other undesirables and potential political rivals (Kallis 2005). Hitler wished to target the Jews because he saw them as an easy scapegoat forRead MoreThe Extermination Of Jews By Nazi Germany Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious group. Apart from the logistics, strategy, or tactics of mass genocide, it is difficult to comprehend how an entire country can bear responsibility for the premature deaths of over six million people. While genocide, including the extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany, has occurred under multiple different contexts and is still present in modern society, there must be a psychological component to the cause of genocid e. Where was humanity in the midst of widespread murder? Shouldn’t there

Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology Free Essays

Everyone loves a good tragedy. The ones that make you cry and give the person next to you a big hug. Jack and Rose in Titanic; ninety percent of the people I know cry every time they watch Titanic. We will write a custom essay sample on Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rhett Butler and Scarlett O’Hara in Gone With The Wind, even Borat and Pamela Anderson in the movie Borat! But this paper isn’t about tragedies in recent times; it’s about love stories gone wrong†¦in Greek mythology. I have researched the stories I think were the saddest and most touching: Apollo and Hyacinthus: Apollo, the Greek god of knowledge and the arts had many affairs with both men and women, most of which didn’t end so well. He had an affair with Hyacinthus who was a prince of Sparta. Hyacinthus admired and loved Apollo so much so that he followed him everywhere. One afternoon, the lovers decided to practice discus throwing. You’d think it was a harmless enough game for two people in love to play. Apollo threw the discus and in such excitement to get it, the discuss hit Hyacinthus square on the head instantly killing him. Apollo later learned that it was Zephyrus (god of the West wind) who was also deeply in love with him, that manipulated the winds resulting in the change in direction of the discuss and ultimately the killing of Hyacinthus. It is said that the grieving Apollo turned his beloved Hyacinthus into the flower we all know as the Hyacinth. This is a good example of people who lose loved ones and keep mementos of them, keeping them in their memories. Apollo and Clytie: This is another story of Apollo’s many love affairs. I guess he just liked to ‘sow his seeds wildly’. Apollo and Clytie were hopelessly in love. Obliviously happy. Then Apollo did what he knew how to do best, he left Clytie for another woman: princess Leucothea. Feeling robbed, Clytie ousted Leucothea to her father who judged that his daughter be buried alive. Clytie thought she would finally have her Apollo back but alas this made him turn away from her for good. Sad as she was, she sat on a rock for days without food, waiting for her beloved and staring at the sky. Clytie suffered and turned brown and yellow, eventually turning into a heliotrope flower (it always turns its head towards the sky). This is an example of going to extreme lengths for love and yes, it often does not end well. Eos and Tithonus: After being cursed by Aphrodite to be eternally in love, goddess of the sun, Eos, fell in love with a Trojan Tithonus. Being so enchanted and taken with him, she kidnapped him and took him to Zeus to ask him for immortality for Tithonus. Zeus did give him the immortality that Eos asked for but in her haste she didn’t ask for eternal youth and health for Tithonus. So yes they were together forever but Tithonus grew older and older with each passing day. He eventually lost use of his body but he whimpered every so often. In need of preserving her love for him, she turned him into a cicada. To forever sing a mournful tone to her. Orpheus and Eurydice: Orpheus, son of Muse Calliope was married to Eurydice. Once, he sailed with the Argonauts meanwhile, back at home, Aristaeus attempted to seduce Eurydice away from Orpheus. But faithful she was. She fled him and unfortunately, she trod on a serpent which bit her and killed her. When Orpheus returned and found his wife dead, he played a song so mournful and sad that the gods and nymphs told him to go to Hades and retrieve her. He went to Hades and asked for his Eurydice back. Hades agreed and told him that she would follow him back to earth on the one condition that he not look back. As they approached the gates of the underworld, Orpheus couldn’t resist. ‘Is she really following me? ’ he thought ‘I can’t tell. ’ He couldn’t wait to see her face. He turned around and with that he watched her fade away, slip, away from him forever. This story is indicative of what love can do to people. It makes you break the rules because it hurts so bad to abide by those rules. Narcissus and Echo: The nymph, Echo, was cursed by Hera to be unable to start conversation and to repeat last words uttered by others. She was hopelessly in love with Narcissus, son of a river god who was incredibly handsome as well as incredibly vain. One day Narcissus went hunting and Echo saw him and followed him. Narcissus thought he heard someone behind him and asked ‘Who’s there? ’ and poor Echo, unable to say anything apart from that, replied ‘Who’s there? ’ In a last ditch effort to get Narcissus’ attention, she showed herself to him but he turned her away and went on with his hunting. Heartbroken Echo went into a cave, sat and sadly faded away into nothingness†¦a voice. Narcissus grew thirsty from his hunting and decided to take a drink in the river. He saw his reflection in the water and fell in love with it, never knowing that it was HIS reflection. For fear of destroying the reflection he didn’t drink the water and wasted away of thirst, turning into the narcissus flower. I think this is the worst story because they both died of unrequited love which to me seems like the worst kind of scenario. Echo never being loved by Narcissus and Narcissus never being loved by his reflection. They both died unsatisfied. How to cite Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology, Papers

Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology Free Essays

Everyone loves a good tragedy. The ones that make you cry and give the person next to you a big hug. Jack and Rose in Titanic; ninety percent of the people I know cry every time they watch Titanic. We will write a custom essay sample on Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rhett Butler and Scarlett O’Hara in Gone With The Wind, even Borat and Pamela Anderson in the movie Borat! But this paper isn’t about tragedies in recent times; it’s about love stories gone wrong†¦in Greek mythology. I have researched the stories I think were the saddest and most touching: Apollo and Hyacinthus: Apollo, the Greek god of knowledge and the arts had many affairs with both men and women, most of which didn’t end so well. He had an affair with Hyacinthus who was a prince of Sparta. Hyacinthus admired and loved Apollo so much so that he followed him everywhere. One afternoon, the lovers decided to practice discus throwing. You’d think it was a harmless enough game for two people in love to play. Apollo threw the discus and in such excitement to get it, the discuss hit Hyacinthus square on the head instantly killing him. Apollo later learned that it was Zephyrus (god of the West wind) who was also deeply in love with him, that manipulated the winds resulting in the change in direction of the discuss and ultimately the killing of Hyacinthus. It is said that the grieving Apollo turned his beloved Hyacinthus into the flower we all know as the Hyacinth. This is a good example of people who lose loved ones and keep mementos of them, keeping them in their memories. Apollo and Clytie: This is another story of Apollo’s many love affairs. I guess he just liked to ‘sow his seeds wildly’. Apollo and Clytie were hopelessly in love. Obliviously happy. Then Apollo did what he knew how to do best, he left Clytie for another woman: princess Leucothea. Feeling robbed, Clytie ousted Leucothea to her father who judged that his daughter be buried alive. Clytie thought she would finally have her Apollo back but alas this made him turn away from her for good. Sad as she was, she sat on a rock for days without food, waiting for her beloved and staring at the sky. Clytie suffered and turned brown and yellow, eventually turning into a heliotrope flower (it always turns its head towards the sky). This is an example of going to extreme lengths for love and yes, it often does not end well. Eos and Tithonus: After being cursed by Aphrodite to be eternally in love, goddess of the sun, Eos, fell in love with a Trojan Tithonus. Being so enchanted and taken with him, she kidnapped him and took him to Zeus to ask him for immortality for Tithonus. Zeus did give him the immortality that Eos asked for but in her haste she didn’t ask for eternal youth and health for Tithonus. So yes they were together forever but Tithonus grew older and older with each passing day. He eventually lost use of his body but he whimpered every so often. In need of preserving her love for him, she turned him into a cicada. To forever sing a mournful tone to her. Orpheus and Eurydice: Orpheus, son of Muse Calliope was married to Eurydice. Once, he sailed with the Argonauts meanwhile, back at home, Aristaeus attempted to seduce Eurydice away from Orpheus. But faithful she was. She fled him and unfortunately, she trod on a serpent which bit her and killed her. When Orpheus returned and found his wife dead, he played a song so mournful and sad that the gods and nymphs told him to go to Hades and retrieve her. He went to Hades and asked for his Eurydice back. Hades agreed and told him that she would follow him back to earth on the one condition that he not look back. As they approached the gates of the underworld, Orpheus couldn’t resist. ‘Is she really following me? ’ he thought ‘I can’t tell. ’ He couldn’t wait to see her face. He turned around and with that he watched her fade away, slip, away from him forever. This story is indicative of what love can do to people. It makes you break the rules because it hurts so bad to abide by those rules. Narcissus and Echo: The nymph, Echo, was cursed by Hera to be unable to start conversation and to repeat last words uttered by others. She was hopelessly in love with Narcissus, son of a river god who was incredibly handsome as well as incredibly vain. One day Narcissus went hunting and Echo saw him and followed him. Narcissus thought he heard someone behind him and asked ‘Who’s there? ’ and poor Echo, unable to say anything apart from that, replied ‘Who’s there? ’ In a last ditch effort to get Narcissus’ attention, she showed herself to him but he turned her away and went on with his hunting. Heartbroken Echo went into a cave, sat and sadly faded away into nothingness†¦a voice. Narcissus grew thirsty from his hunting and decided to take a drink in the river. He saw his reflection in the water and fell in love with it, never knowing that it was HIS reflection. For fear of destroying the reflection he didn’t drink the water and wasted away of thirst, turning into the narcissus flower. I think this is the worst story because they both died of unrequited love which to me seems like the worst kind of scenario. Echo never being loved by Narcissus and Narcissus never being loved by his reflection. They both died unsatisfied. How to cite Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology, Papers

Determinants Of Systematic Risk Exposures -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Determinants Of Systematic Risk Exposures? Answer: Introducation The main aim of this report is to focus on the disorder benchmark as well as the assumptions, which have been implemented by the given company called, Campbell Brothers Limited. It is a testing service providing company. At first, it was named as Campbell Brothers and later they changed it to ALS Limited. The company is based in Australia and the company is a soap and chemical manufacturing company that is listed under the Australian Stock exchange (Alsglobal.com 2018). The company has its main operations in 4 major divisions, ranging from the Industrials, Energy, Life Sciences and Minerals. It is one of the largest testing and analytical groups of companies around the world. While accounting for a company, the financial asset of a company is assessed at a given reporting period in order to give evidence in case the asset is impaired. In accounting terms, an asset is considered impaired or disordered during the time when the evidences that have been earlier collected expresses that several events that have taken place in the course of business is negatively influencing the cash flow values for the future. In such cases, definite impairment charges are required to be taken and the loss needs are to be calculated (AmirALSani, Iatridis and Pope 2013). An impairment loss is with respect to the financial or non-financial assets that is measured at an amortized cost. The amortized cost is the contrast in between the present value of the asset that is reckoned, and the carrying cost. However, there are certain assets that are impaired individually, and certain assets are impaired in groups. Assets that are tested for impairment As witnessed from the annual reports of the company for the year ended as on 31 March 2016. Goodwill as well as the other non-financial assets are tested for the impairment cases and such kind of tests could take place for more than a year in case of occurrence of few events that specify certain circumstances for which the impairment may have to be taken place (AmirALSani, Iatridis and Pope 2013). Other tangible assets- Tangible assets such as the Trade receivables are also taken into the consideration for the test of impairment. Plant and equipment- Plants and equipments were also taken into account for the same test. Ways of conducting impairment test As it is discussed earlier, the intangible assets and goodwill are generally undertaken for an impairment test when an event takes place in a firm, which may demonstrate that the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. In other circumstances, there are certain assets that are tested for impairment case more than once in a year if there exists a circumstance, which may suggest so. After this, the goodwill and other assets are assigned to the unit that is cash generating for the test (Andrews 2012). The method that is followed is extremely simple. The assets belonging to the lower class are grouped together for which cash flows can be recognized separately and for the assets, which are not based on these, are grouped different. Except goodwill, all other assets that have undergone the impairment have the chance of reversal as according to the date at which the reporting is done. Impairment expenditures Following is the impairment expenses of the company for the year ended 31 March 2016- The intensive assets as well as the goodwill- According to the given report during the yearly period the total cost on goodwill rise up to 265 million dollars. Plant property and equipment- For plant and equipment 11.1 million dollars were the impairment charges (Carlin and Finch 2010). Other intangible assets- The cost for the other tangible assets was 41.5 million dollars. Therefore, the total cost was 317.9 million dollars. Assumptions and estimates that are used by the company for conducting impairment tests The ALS Global makes various assumptions and estimates, because it is very concerned about its financial statements as well as its future. This outcome which might be gained by the estimates need to be equal with the actual outcomes of the organization`s results. The taken estimates and assumptions have considerable number of risks that can affect the profitability of the organization and lead to several problems in the material adjustments. The given estimates need to be discloses through notes in the accounts. For the sensitivity of the market, the recoverable amount for the assets like goodwill needs to be taken into account for the calculation of the future cash flows as well (Carlin, Finch and Laili 2009). The recoverable amount is deliberated for the assets value in use. The estimates need to be made based upon the various policies and are revised on a daily basis. The important assumptions that are made for the calculation are : The Compound average growth rate, and, The Pre-tax discount rate Subjectivity that is involved in the process of impairment testing As per the rule of IAS 36 on the Impairment of assets, it is concluded that it is a classic standard in the IFRS. Nevertheless, it is subject to interpretation and it may differ as per the managerial requirement, and could give rise to creativity (Rennekamp, Rupar and Seybert 2014). The annual report of the Campbell brothers consists of certain amount of relativity and subjectivity in a way in which the impairment test is conducted in the organization (Cotter 2012). The management team had the opportunity to exploit their discretion and they carried the test for impairment for several assets depending on their opportunities. This fact can be proved with the help of the factors, which the particular allocation of goodwill and other assets. Interesting, surprising, difficult or confusing part to understand impairment testing It could be said after analyzing the annual reports of ALS Global that the most confusing part in this process is the initiation and the induction of impairment. As stated previously the induction of impairment depends on the internal as well as external situations and events and with the same, on the frequency of the test is depending completely on the discretion of the management (Fit, Moya and Orgaz 2013). Due to this fact, in the discretion of the management, there might be the chances that the impairment that are generally undertaken, is either subjective or many depend on the choice of the management. Hence, as stated above there exists chances that the management might carry out the test depending on these opportunities that are available and utilized the impairment option when there is a slump in the value of the given asset. New insights concerning conducting of the impairment tests The impairment loss can be referred to as the difference between carrying amount of the given asset and recoverable amount of the asset. When the recoverable amount of the asset in cases where the value in use comes into picture, is higher than it may be in the case where the value of the asset is decreased to the disposable cost (Lee and Hooy 2013). The fair value of an asset is determined through the sales agreement or the value of the asset that has been taken from the market where the particular asset is usual, traded. In other cases, the value as per the rule of IAS 36, can be described as the present value of the cash flows that might take place in future from the asset. Fair value measurement According to the new IFRS 13, the fair value of an asset is determined through- The sales agreement. The value of the asset in the market where it is traded (Ifrs.org. 2018) The reason why the former accounting standards does not reflect the economic reality It is believed that about every one out of two companies that make the use of US GAAP or IFRS in its business have been affected by the various different changes and alterations, which have taken place in a given year. According to todays scenario, the companies who are registered under US GAAP or IFRS have near about 3.3 trillion dollars worth leased assets and other commitments. Out of these, near about two-third of the total data is not reported in the balance sheet. This is due to the fact that, they are often treated as operating leases (Jennings and Marques 2013). In order to compensate such loss the investors normally include those estimates that are just a prediction. These are incomparable and inaccurate computations. Therefore, it is often reflected that the accounting standards that were used before, did not reflect the economic reality. Reasons why under the previous accounting standards the lease liabilities of the reporting entities in the balance sheet were 66 times more than the reported debts under the balance sheet When the previous accounting standard was in use nearly 85 percent of the companies put their leases amount under the operating leases instead of balance sheet. While these operating leases were not recorded under the given balance sheet, they were able to create liabilities, which were true (loans, retirement and education 2018). Hence, when financial crises will occur, there were certain companies that were not able to adapt to the new systems and hence they went on a bankrupt. For this reason, the lease liabilities of the reporting entities in the balance sheet were 66 times greater than the reported debts that are under the balance sheet Reasons behind why the Chairperson of IASB is in the view that under the previous accounting standard no level playing field was there among some airline entities The main problem with the earlier accounting systems was related to comparability. For the airline industries, most of the leases are treated as the operating leases and therefore they are not recorded in the balance sheet. Hence, due to this reason, it is often said that the level of playing field does not exist among the given airline companies. When the new given standards will be introduced, it is supposed that such types of problems will not be there as all the given eases will be taken as assets and the given leases will account as the liabilities. Reasons why the Chairperson is in the view that the new standard will not be popular with everyone Any new change that takes place in the firm has an impact on the overall business of the company. Hence, the given companies need to be careful enough and be prepared to make the given accounting changes in their given income statement and also to the balance sheets. Apart from the visible impacts, it is also believed that there will be certain contractual arrangements as well as banking policies associated with the statements of the country (Md Khokan , Rahman and Mollik 2014). These are normally related with the aspects of human resource and may change the overall structure of the bonus payment and the other relevant ratios. Possibilities that the new visibility with regard to all the leases will result into better informed decision for investment as well as the company The blessing in disguise in terms of the new accounting standard is that the companies all over the world will provide more transparency in their accounting statements after this implementation. This transparency shall result in better information for the investors who plan to invest their savings in the different shares of the company (Ramanna and Watts 2012). With the earlier accounting standard that are in use, the companies used to keep their operating leases under their income statement and this has made it impossible for the investors to compare. Therefore, when the new standard will upgrade to the rule of IFRS 16, the investors will then be able to take better decisions for their respective company. References Alsglobal.com ,2018.ALS. [online] Alsglobal.com. Available at: https://www.alsglobal.com/-/media/als/resources/myals/.../2016-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. AmirALSani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F. ,2013. Accounting for asset impairment.London: Cass Business School. AmirALSani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F. ,2013.Accounting for asset impairment: a test for IFRS compliance across Europe. Centre for Financial Analysis and Reporting Research (CeFARR). Andrews, R. ,2012. Fair Value, earnings management and asset impairment: The impact of a change in the regulatory environment.Procedia Economics and Finance,2, pp.16-25. Carlin, T.M. and Finch, N. ,2010. Resisting compliance with IFRS goodwill accounting and reporting disclosures evidence from Australia, Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 260-280. [Google Scholar] [Link] [Infotrieve] Carlin, T.M. and Finch, N. ,2011. Goodwill impairment testing under IFRS: a false impossible shore?, Pacific Accounting Review, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 368-392. [Google Scholar] [Link] [Infotrieve] Carlin, T.M., Finch, N. and Laili, N.H. ,2009. Goodwill accounting in Malaysia and the transition to IFRS a compliance assessment of large first year adopters, Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 75-104. [Google Scholar] [Link] [Infotrieve] Cotter, D. ,2012.Advanced financial reporting: A complete guide to IFRS. Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Fit, M.., Moya, S. and Orgaz, N. ,2013. Considering the effects of operating lease capitalization on key financial ratios.Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting/Revista Espaola de Financiacin y Contabilidad,42(159), pp.341-369. Ifrs.org. ,2018. IFRS. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/ [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Jennings, R. and Marques, A. ,2013. Amortized cost for operating lease assets.Accounting Horizons,27(1), pp.51-74. Lee, C.H. and Hooy, C.W. ,2013. Determinants of systematic financial risk exposures of airlines in North America, Europe and Asia.Journal of Air Transport Management,24, pp.31-35. loans, H., retirement, S., and education, N. ,2018.Bank Accounts, Super, Insurance and Home Loans - AMP.Amp.com.au. Retrieved 25 January 2018, from https://www.amp.com.au/ Marshall, D. ,2016.Accounting: What the numbers mean. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Md Khokan Bepari, Sheikh F. Rahman and Abu Taher Mollik. ,2014 .Firms' compliance with the disclosure requirements of IFRS for goodwill impairment testing: Effect of the global financial crisis and other firm characteristics, Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, Vol. 10 Issue: 1, pp.116149, https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-02-2011-0008 Ramanna, K. and Watts, R.L. ,2012. Evidence on the use of unverifiable estimates in required goodwill impairment.Review of Accounting Studies,17(4), pp.749-780. Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K.K. and Seybert, N. ,2014. Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.739-759.